Detailed explanation of the structural composition and working principle of sandblasting machine

2023-04-13 06:13:39

Sandblasting machine is an efficient surface cleaning equipment, such as rust removal and adhesion addition for steel structures, pre-treatment for aluminum alloy oxidation electroplating, denture cleaning, and so on.

Working principle of sandblasting machine

The sandblasting machine achieves fully automatic sandblasting through an electrical control system, which can automatically adjust the sandblasting viewpoint, sandblasting time, sandblasting interval, blowback time, spray gun movement, worktable speed, etc. The electrical control system mainly consists of several parts, including X-axis lateral movement component, Y-axis longitudinal movement component, worktable rolling component, sandblasting component, blowing component, dust removal component, etc. All components are controlled by LM series PLC in a consistent and harmonious manner according to the pre-set parameters of the touch screen, efficiently and reliably completing the sandblasting process.

The X-axis lateral movement component consists of a stepper motor, lead screw, guide rail, slider, limit switch, and an incremental encoder. The stepper motor receives high-speed pulse signals from the LM series PLC and drives the lead screw to rotate at a certain speed, causing the slider to move left and right on the guide rail. The encoder collects the number of turns the lead screw rotates, forming a closed-loop control system for X-axis movement. Two limit switches are installed at the extreme positions of the left and right slider movements to ensure the safety of the slider movement and prevent the occurrence of runaway accidents. The Y-axis longitudinal component is the same as the X-axis component, consisting of a stepper motor, screw, guide rail, slider, limit switch, and an incremental encoder. Make the slider move up and down on the guide rail, and the encoder collects the number of turns of the screw to form a closed-loop control system for Y-axis movement. Two limit switches are installed at the limit direction of the slider's up and down movement to ensure the safety of the slider's movement and prevent accidents such as runaway.

The workbench rolling component consists of a servo motor, workbench, and reducer. The servo motor is set to speed control mode, using LM series PLC analog output control. After deceleration by the reducer, it drives the worktable to roll at a constant speed. The speed can be changed through the touch screen because the worktable has a relatively large rolling inertia. The servo motor is set to accelerate and decelerate to reduce damage to the servo motor caused by overshoot. The sandblasting and blowing components are mainly composed of spray guns, air guns, sand valves, air valves, air sources, filters, etc. Control the pressure in the pipeline to ensure the strength of sandblasting. The higher the pressure value, the faster the jet velocity and the higher the sandblasting power. The rougher the surface of the workpiece, and vice versa, the surface is relatively lubricated. The connection timing of the sand valve and air outlet valve can be adjusted to control the sandblasting timing and blowing timing, ensuring the effectiveness of sandblasting treatment. The sandblasting timing and blowing timing can be set on the touch screen. The dust removal component consists of a dust removal unit, a blowback solenoid valve, a filter element, etc.

The filter type dust removal unit of the equipment integrates secondary dust removal and can be used for gas treatment with high dust concentration by adjusting different backwash intervals. Regarding dust particles above 015 μ m level, the dust removal power is as high as 99%, and the purified air achieves a nearly zero emission state, with a filtration accuracy improvement of more than 100 times compared to traditional bag filters, greatly reducing the pollution caused by dust removal air emissions to the atmosphere.

The main application scope of sandblasting machine

Sandblasting machines are mainly used to treat oxidized skin, residual salt, residual oil, etc. after heat treatment; Oxidation scale, molding sand, etc. of black (colored) castings; Processing fine castings without excess oxide scale, molding sand, etc; Residues, micro burrs, etc. of machined parts; Oxidation scale, welding slag, etc. of welded parts; Oxidation scale, rust layer, etc. of cold and hot-rolled steel plates (sections); Release agents, deposits, etc. for various mold cavities; Sintering residues on the surface of ceramic components and flying edges on plastic molded parts; Radioactive elements on the surface of objects; Bridges, hydropower station gates, ships, and buildings; Rubber adhesion layer of airport runway; Train carriages; Various pipelines and containers; Oil stains, attachments, etc. on old components; Residual paint, rust layers, and attachments on containers; The faulty sintered layer on porcelain; Scratches on the exterior decoration, etc. Specifically, it has the following purposes:

1. Preprocessing:

Electroplating, painting, spraying, etc. are all covered and sandblasted before processing, ensuring a clean appearance and greatly improving the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the covering layer.

2. Pack up:

Removing oxide scale, residue, and dirt from metal workpieces such as castings, stamping parts, welding parts, and heat-treated parts; Cleaning the exterior of non-metallic products, removing black spots on the surface of ceramic blanks, and restoring paint patterns and drawings.

3. Old parts innovation:

Innovative cleaning of all moving parts such as cars, motorcycles, and electromechanical equipment. Eliminate fatigue stress together and extend service life.

4. Light decoration:

All metal and non-metal products (such as plastic, crystal, glass, etc.) have their surface marks eliminated and treated with matte finish to improve the appearance of the product.